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Modern Egypt- Facts, Rulers, Presidents, Imperialism,
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In this section of "Travel to Egypt" you will find hard core detailed information. Most articles are not illustrated but are - of course - well written.
If you are an Egypt expert, have the time and access to relevant pictures and would like to "illustrate" these articles please feel free to contact me.
History of Modern Egypt
This is the brief history of modern Egypt and the fast track to understanding modern-day Egypt.
Social Change in Egypt in the 19th Century
During the nineteenth century, the socioeconomic and political foundations of the modern Egyptian state were laid. This is a detailed description of the social changes in Egypt during the 19th century.
The Neo-Mamluk Beylicate: 1760-1798
Before 1760 a balance of power and separate spheres of influence were maintained by the Mamluk beylicate and the Mamluks. After 1760 political and military power was consolidated in the hands of the Mamluk Ali Bey al Kabir.
The French Invasion: 1798-1801
On July 1, 1798, a French invasion force under the command of Napoleon disembarked near Alexandria. The major impact of the French invasion was the effect it had on Europe...
Muhammad Ali of Egypt: 1805-1848
Muhammad Ali of Egypt, who had arrived in Egypt as a junior commander in the Albanian forces, had by 1803 risen to commander. In just two short years, he would become the Ottoman viceroy in Egypt and known as "The Father of Modern Egypt."
Abbas Hilmi & Said: 1848-1863
Muhammad Ali was succeeded by Abbas Hilmi I, a genuine traditionalist with no interest in continuing the development plans of his grandfather.
Khedive Ismail: 1863-1879
No ruler of Egypt, except Gamal Abdul Nasser, has provoked such controversy in the West as Khedive Ismail. In the west he was described as a "Lavish Spender".
From Intervention to Occupation: 1876-1882
Seriously concerned with the country's financial situation, Khedive Ismail asked for British help in fiscal reform. This so-called help would evolve into British imperialism in Egypt.
The Occupiers: 1882-1914
With the occupation of 1882, Egypt became a part of the British Empire but never officially a colony. Nevertheless, British Imperialism in Egypt was a fact and the consequenses were huge.
The Ecomony & Society under Occupation
Although Egypt had a solid infrastructure, a sizeable local market, and an indigenous supply of capital, industrial development was stymied by a British trade policy that sought to protect the Egyptian market for British products and to maintain Britain's near monopoly on Egyptian cotton...
Under The Protectorate & The 1919 Revolution
The immediate causes of what is known to Egyptians as the 1919 Revolution were British actions during World War I that caused widespread hardship and resentment in Eygpt.
The Rise & Decline of The Wafd: 1924-1939
In the parliamentary election of January 12, 1924, the Wafd won 179 of 211 parliamentary seats. The Wafd felt it had a mandate to conclude a treaty with Britain that would assure Egypt complete independence...
Egypt During World War II: 1939-1945
Egypt considered the war a European conflict and hoped to avoid being entangled in it. As one Axis victory succeeded another, Egyptians grew increasingly convinced that Germany would win the war.
On The Threshold of Revolution: 1945-1952
In 1945, a Labour Party government with anti-imperialist leanings was elected in Britain. This election encouraged Egyptians to believe that British imperialism in Egypt would soon be at an end.
Revolution & New Government: 1952-1956
Egypt & The Arab World: 1958-1962
Nasser & Arab Socialism: 1962-1964
The Aftermath of The War - Internal Relations
The Aftermath of The War - External Relations
Political Developments: 1971-1978
The Aftermath of Camp David and the Assassination of Sadat
Mubarak & The Middle Way: 1981-->
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